The Increased Prison Population and Improper Punishment...

Social scientists and organizational psychologist have given additional acknowledgment to the influence of social and cultural issues in organizational system (Carter, 2000, p. 2). This clearly indicates that how these issues affect many fields of society and how important is their resolution. Many key global events of the last decade have captured attention on issues of nationalism and cultural diversities. As Hallinan and Jackson says, â€Å"Within the context of the post 9/11 era a complex and arguably contradictory and paradoxical set of conditions, practices and policies have emerged in relation to how we see, represent, understand and acknowledge the diversity of ‘Others’† (2008). In this paper, I have discussed issue of racism which our†¦show more content†¦Thousands of people are residing in United States prisons and jails, and they go untreated. The very institutions which confines offenders, creates people with mental illness and drug addictions disorders. Crime needs varying interventions targeting problem-specific areas due to numerous factors. The United States is the world leader in the increasing prison rate, in both as a percentage of population and raw figures. As per a fresh report which employs data of each and every state, a record 2,319,258 citizens were in prison or jail at the beginning of 2008; which means one amongst every 99.1 adults. The increasing rate of prisoners do cost very high to the tax payers as well as other plans of government. US government spent six times more on prison inmates than the rate of increment for higher education expenditure. Another negative impact is that due to budget shortfalls faced by states, they had made a proportionate reduction in expending on education and other social requirement (Levinson 2002, p. 34). The rate of African Americans’ imprisonment is radically greater than for the total population. A shocking ratio, one out of every nine black men between the ages of 20 and 34 is in jail or prison. This raises the doubt about the racial disparity in even police department. Supreme court Justice Kennedy warned that, â€Å"There is the moral blindness in our criminal justiceShow MoreRelatedIncreased Population of Prisons Essay1606 Words   |  7 PagesOvercrowded prisons and improper punishment systems are enormous social issues for our government. The United States has seen steady growth in its prisons. A projected increment in seen due to â€Å"get-tough† policies that locks up offenders for longer sentences (Ohlemacher, 2007, para. 1). The correction system had been through various phases of transformation, and the government had been tough on crime; this approach had resulted in rising prison populations. There are many factors that cause overcrowdingRead MoreAre You Die By Lethal Injection, But If The Power Goes Out?1736 Words   |  7 Pagessentenced to death since 1977, 1412 people have been executed and 155 people have been p roved innocent. Therefore, for every nine people executed, we have found one person is innocent. Furthermore, the death penalty system is unreliable. According to a study about capital punishment system by Columbia University Law School, over 60 precent of all capital trials exist serious mistakes. Once the cases were reviewed, 7 present defendants were found completely innocent and more than 80 percent defendantsRead MoreThe Problem Of Prison Overcrowding1572 Words   |  7 Pagessociety to stir up continue to expand every day. Some of these issues include the educational system, healthcare laws, unemployment and economic situations, not to mention the ongoing water drought crisis†¦all of which are major dilemmas in California. One major dilemma, however, is often ignored. Over the past 30 odd years, California’s prison population has grown by 750 percent (â€Å"California’s Perpetuating Prison Crisis†). As this percentage perpetuates to make substantial gains, inmates are sufferingRead MoreAmerica s Law Enforcement Teams Essay1834 Words   |  8 P agesState’s incarcerated population increased by over 500% over the last 40 years, rising to about 2.3 million people (SentencingProject). While it is not practical to expect our police officers to be able to apprehend every single criminal, it should not be too much to ask that they do it in a fair and unbiased manner. Protests such as Black Lives Matter still happen today because there is still inequality happening on a large scale everyday, especially in our law enforcement system. Minorities are theRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System And Public Schools2522 Words   |  11 PagesIn the last thirty years, the approaches and tools used in the modern adult criminal-justice system have begun to influence our school practices. This has created a system that removes the most vulnerable children from mainstream educational environments and puts them on a direct path toward prison. The overrepresentation of juveniles with disabilities within this system has been repeatedly demon strated in research. National reports suggest that almost one third of students in juvenile detentionRead MorePerspective And Critique Traditional Practices Of Prison Structures Of The Old, Bygone Regime2088 Words   |  9 Pagesand a rebellious socialism. Such changes meant that the populations of Europe were becoming enlightened in the matters to do with political freedoms especially the indifferent population. There was excess pressure mounting as many demanded free press, and their rights to congregate and associate. The 19th Century presented a kaleidoscope of perceptions and perspectives on crime, punishment, and incarceration in the context of Europe Prisons during this critical, albeit underrated period of EuropeanRead MoreThe Crime Of The American Criminal Justice System1898 Words   |  8 Pages Over the last few decades, the American criminal justice system has seen an increase in the amount of drug offenses being committed. While the number of drug offenses have incre ased, the amount of resources for addicts who are in prison have not. Although it has been made clear that drug abuse and crime are linked, the justice system has continued to punish offenders, rather than allowing them treatment. The lack of resources provided to prisoners who have issues with addiction has contributedRead MoreViolence in Prisons2027 Words   |  9 Pageswant to go to prison. One of the main reasons is the violence, and this violence occurs in every prison around the world. Violence can be attributed to rape, overcrowding, gangs and to the particular justice systems. These justice systems include such countries as Brazil where violent episodes that include beheadings have occurred. Much of the prison crisis has been blamed on delays in the country’s legal system. This is because of how inmates receive extended sentences and poor prison managementRead MoreFeminism And The Criminal Justice System1753 Words   |  8 Pagesand ideas on why females commit crimes. In the beginning the theories seem to revolve around the victimization of the female gender. Then criminologist took a look at female delinquency, prostitution, and gender inequality in the criminal justice system. Lilly (233) wrote that Lombroso used physiological traits to determine what type of women would commit crime. Lombroso also argued that the women that committed the most crime were more masculine then the women who did not commit crime. He used physiologicalRead MoreCriminal Justice System : Crime, Policing, Courts, And Corrections3651 Words   |  15 PagesThe analysis of a Criminal Justice System should take place in four sections: crime, policing, courts, and corrections. Crime occurs ubiquitously in the world; crime is so common that there is an entire profession made to study why crime occurs, there is also another profession meant to enforce the laws that define what is criminal. South Korea, like most other countries, has a common requirement to enter thei r criminal justice system: committing a crime is the first step in the process. The most

Medical Efficacy Of Marijuana And Drugs - 2885 Words

Controversies in the use of Marijuana to Treat Epileptic Patients By Brian Kenny and Stephanie Visek One of the most controversial topics in modern times has been the medical efficacy of Cannabis. Cannabis is a plant that is used medically and recreationally and is classified as an herb, noticeable by its five spiked leaf structure (Merriam-Webster 2014). Cannabis contains multiple active ingredients that display a variety of psychological and neurological effects on humans and animals. Cannabis is the medical terminology for marijuana, which contains greater than 500 compounds and more are still being found as the years progress. Many of the compounds are referred to as cannabinoids and may show some antiepileptic factors when administered to individuals with epilepsy (Gloss and Vickery 2012). The public today believes that the cannabis prescribed to patients and individuals with drug resistant epilepsy are experiencing psychotropic effects (the feeling of what we know today as getting â€Å"high†). In reality the cannabis used to treat individuals with epilepsy is low in delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] a psychotropic ingredient and high in cannabidiol [CBD] a non-psychotropic ingredient. Since CBD results in no psychotropic effects it has immense potential to be seriously considered as the worlds next biggest anticonvulsant solution. History Marijuana has a long history in the treatment of multiple medical conditions. The first documented cases in which cannabis wasShow MoreRelatedPatients Health Of Medical Marijuana1733 Words   |  7 Pages Patients’ Health Utilizing Medical Marijuana Karen Mak Rutgers University Introduction to Research Methods, Fall 2016 Abstract The following study proposal would review the results of the overall health outcomes of patients who replaced pharmaceutical treatment with medical marijuana. The study will look at the improvements in meal consumption, Clinical Global Impression scores, Pittsburgh Agitation Scale, and the decrease in the symptom being monitored. The studies being reviewedRead More Marijuana Use Should be Legal Essay932 Words   |  4 Pages Marijuana Use Should be Legal The issue of the legalization of Marijuana is a never-ending battle that the country will never fully win. Marijuana should be legalized because it is a large part of the drug war, which will never come to an end. Society is in the midst of a time of anguish and skepticism of what will become of the nation. With all of the problems happening around us, the government and officials should begin to realize that the time and effort spent on battlingRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal904 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Marijuana Although marijuana is illegal and lacks FDA approval it should be used to treat cancer. Opponents of medical marijuana argue that it is too dangerous to use, lacks FDA approval, and that various legal drugs make marijuana use unnecessary. They believe marijuana is addictive, leads to harder drug use, and injures the lungs, immune system, and brain. They also believe that medical marijuana is a front for drug legalization and recreational use. Benefit that it is isn’t a great treatmentRead MoreWhos in Charge of the Store? Essay1449 Words   |  6 PagesWho should be regulating medical marijuana? Majority leader of the California State Assembly, Alberto Torrico asserts that marijuana, used for medicinal purposes, should be legal and regulated to ensure safe, pesticide free, organic cannabis. However, Torrico maintains non-medical marijuana should remain illegal for all California citizens who do not have a physician diagnosed medical need, such as AIDS or cancer. He contents t hat advancing the cause of legalizing marijuana to provide additional taxRead More A Website Analysis on the Reformation of Marijuana Laws Essay examples1312 Words   |  6 PagesWebsite Analysis on the Reformation of Marijuana Laws NORML, or the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws, founded in 1970, is a non profit, public interest advocacy group which fights for those Americans who oppose marijuana prohibition and want an end to arresting responsible marijuana smokers. In its website, the organization states that its mission is to â€Å"move public opinion sufficiently to achieve the repeal of marijuana prohibition so that the responsibleRead MorePtsd Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana a derivative of the Cannabis sativa plant is familiar for its psychoactive properties. It is taken for a wide range of conditions including HIV/AIDS, cancer, anxiety disorders, PTSD, chronic pain and multiple sclerosis. Despite it having restrictions, many states have approved the use of cannabis for the treatment of medical and psychological illnesses. In some states, PTDS is among the recommended conditions for medical marijuana (Steenkemp, Blessing, Galatazer-Levy, Hollahan AndersonR ead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pagesreported that marijuana would stay a schedule 1 drug. The DEA (2016) stated through they’re report in the federal register, â€Å"the known risks of marijuana use have not been shown to be outweighed by specific benefits in well-controlled clinical trials that scientifically evaluate safety and efficacy. This decision was one that took many people by surprise, especially with the growing number of states deciding to legalize the use of the plant. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (2015)Read MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1324 Words   |  6 Pages Medicinal Marijuana Medical Marijuana indicates the usage of the plant and its desired contents found in the organism known as cannabinoids. There are hundreds of chemical cannabinoids, but the two main ones are called tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol or CBD. These cannabinoids are used for many serious illnesses and the plant species has been utilized by humans dating back thousands of years in medicine textbooks and records. Muscle spasticity, AIDS treatment for patients, chemotherapyRead MoreEssay about Marijuana as Medicine1400 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana as Medicine If we are think about people who have a serious medical problem that inflicts constant physical and mental pain do we ask ourselves theses questions? How much pain are they going through? What is their threshold? What is its frequency? How doest it effect their life, and are they terminally ill? How can we help them? Theses questions helped researchers arrive at one conclusion of using Marijuana for treatment of medical illnesses. Researchers believe the drug to be usefulRead MoreSubstance Abuse Isn t Adequately Addressed1090 Words   |  5 Pagesadequately addressed. One of the substantial drug uses is marijuana. It is also known as cannabis, hemp, dope, or weed. Marijuana is used for beneficial reasons and harmful reasons. Most cannabis users are addicted to it, but it primarily needs to be used for medical purposes. Although mounting new evidence confirms the healing qualities of marijuana, much opposition still exists preventing it from people who need it the most. The use of marijuana has been around for thousands of years. As reported

A Fine Balance Characters Free Essays

4 Characters: Dina, Ishvar, Om, Maneck. Ishvar is Om’s nephew. Dina is widowed. We will write a custom essay sample on A Fine Balance: Characters or any similar topic only for you Order Now Maneck college student. Dina Shroff, who was raised by her strict brother after her father died she meets Rustom Dalal. The couple fall in love and marry, but on their third wedding anniversary Rustom is killed in a bicycle accident, leaving Dina alone. Rustom’s aunt teaches Dina to sew her eyesight begins to fail, so she is forced to find another way to make money Her friend Zenobia introduces her to Mrs Gupta, who offers her some tailoring piece work She hires Ishvar Darji and his nephew Omprakash, originally from a small village, to do the work. Ishvar’s father wanted a better life for his sons and so sent them to a neighbouring town to learn to be tailors They became the apprentices of Muslim tailor Ashraf Ishvar was seventeen, racial hatred of Muslims reached boiling point and any homes or shops belonging to Muslims were burnt to the ground Ishvar and his brother Narayan saved Ashraf’s shop by claiming it belonged to them, leaving Ashraf forever in their debt. Narayan returned to the village and set up a successful tailor business for lower caste people He married and had a son. His business was very successful and it gave him enough money to build a proper house All was going well until Narayan discovered that the elections were being fixed by Thakur Dharamsi, a powerful land owner Narayan confronted Thakur, who had him tortured Not satisfied with just killing Narayan, Thakur decided to punish his whole family. Narayan’s wife, daughters and parents were tied up and burnt alive in their home. Omprakesh and Ishvar were the only ones to escape they continued working in their tailor shop, but were forced out of business when a ready-made clothing shop opened in the town. Maneck. He grew up in a mountain village, where his father was the proud owner of the local village store and inventor of a popular drink, Kohlah Cola Maneck was sent to college and became good friends with the student president, Avinash Avinash led an uprising against the conditions and became involved in politics When the Emergency was declared, Avinash had to go into hiding, leaving Maneck alone His mother then arranged for him to move in with Dina Dalal The four are quite happy for almost a year, but then the Emergency starts to impact their lives. The tailor’s shack is demolished in a government beautification program, forcing them to live on the streets After two months they bribe their way out and persuade Dina to let them move in with her. Ishvar decides it is time for Om to find a wife, so they return to Ashraf’s town There they bump into Thakur, who recognises the pair Ashraf is beaten to death and Ishvar and Om are given compulsory vasectomies Thakur visits them as they are recovering from the operation and arranges on a medical pretext to have Om’s testicles removed. Ishvar’s legs become infected and have to be amputated. Maneck finishes his college course and returns home His father’s business is failing due to cheap imports of commercial soda, and Maneck decides to leave, taking a job in the Middle East. Dina finds herself all alone. A Beggarmaster who had been protecting her from her landlord’s bailiffs is murdered, leaving her vulnerable; she reluctantly returns to live with her brother. Eight years later, Maneck returns home for his father’s funeral. Maneck reads some old newspapers and discovers that Avinash was found dead by the side of a railway track and Avinash’s three teenage sisters hanged themselves because their parents could not afford their wedding dowries. Maneck decides to visit Dina She explains that Ishvar lost his legs and that the tailors are now beggars Maneck leaves Dina’s house, pretending not to recognize the tailors in the street, and heads for the railway station where he steps in front of a train. How to cite A Fine Balance: Characters, Papers

Pathophysiology of Old Age Diseases

Question: Describe about the Pathophysiology of Old Age Diseases. Answer: Old age can be sometime s burden to individuals. This is because as the body gets older it becomes weaker and that becomes the origin of many health complications. Majority of these are as a result of peoples lifestyles. Among the world most common health problems associated with old age are Arthritis and Heart diseases .These have been identified as the top killers for people aged above 65 years (Roach, Bronner Oreffo, 2011). Pathophysiology has been defined as the changes that come as a result of a particular injury disease or health condition (Vlodaver, Wilson Garry, 2012). Arthritis is basically a joint disease; it leads to inflammation of the joints. Arthritis Pathophysiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis Damage to blood vessels This can create chronic inflammation of the pericardium membrane of the heart which can significantly damage blood vessels and possibly lead to heart attack, heart failure or even stroke. Inflammation of the heart can lead to fever and chest pains which affect the general functioning of the body (Clair, Pisetsky Haynes, 2004). Inflation of joints This is the most common symptom of Arthritis .People with Arthritis have inflamed feet and hands joints(Clair, Pisetsky Haynes, 2004) .These cause pain and swelling ,rigidity of the affected areas .This can affect shoulder joints, elbow joints, as well as knees and joints as well as knees and ankles. Weakening of bones and cartilage In advanced stages, bones and cartilages of the affected persons become weakened and destroyed (Clair, Pisetsky Haynes, 2004).This leads to weakening of tendons, ligaments and supporting muscles. The final outcome for this is total deformation of joints. Impact on individuals independence and lifestyle The impact of this is that it affects body mobility of the persons affected to a large extent making them less mobile thus leading to a sedentary lifestyle (Clair, Pisetsky Haynes, 2004). Such persons cannot be able to walk for long distances walk for long distances without complaining of pains. Additionally it limits the usage of their arms .Since arm joints are also affected these persons encounter difficulties even in stretching their arms which basically affects even performance of daily chores like washing or other minor chores (Clair, Pisetsky Haynes, 2004) . Heart diseases These are diseases that basically occur as a result of narrowing or blockage of blood vessels and have the potential of leading to Heart attack or stroke. Blockage of blood vessels affects the flow of blood sometimes leading to flow of inadequate blood to other parts of the body such as the brain (Vlodaver, Wilson Garry, 2012). Blockage of arteries One of the most common heart diseases called atherosclerosis leads to blockage of arteries because of building up of cholesterol plague in the arterial walls for prolonged periods (Vlodaver, Wilson Garry, 2012). Such blockage can reduce the amount of blood flowing through the arteries. Hindering proper functioning of Valves Valves basically perform the function of either allowing or restricting the flow of blood in and out of the heart by opening and closing when need be. They ensure that blood flows in one way without leaking backwards. Valvular heart disease affects the normal functioning of the valves , the valves may either open abnormally or fail to close properly leading to leaking of blood backwards(Vlodaver, Wilson Garry, 2012). Opening of the valve smaller than it normally should be makes it hard for the heart to pump blood trough it to other parts of the body. This may sometimes result to heart failure. Additionally if the valve allows leakage of blood backwards, the amount of blood reaching the other parts of the body is likely to be inadequate. This gives the heart a cumbersome task of trying to recover the deficit (Vlodaver, Wilson Garry, 2012). Consequently inadequate flow of blood can affect the functioning of the body by hindering the normal flow. Impact on individuals independence and Lifestyle Normally a heart disease hinders activities such as exercises which require flow of large amounts of blood. People with this disease cannot exercise for long because their hearts cannot allow pumping of the large volumes of blood that are necessary to transmit energy for exercise. This does not only affect exercises but also normal movements. Such people cannot cover long distances without getting too tired restricting them to almost a sedentary lifestyle (Vlodaver, Wilson Garry, 2012). Such people at times also cannot work for long which has the possibility of changing their lifestyles because of reduced income. References: Roach, H. I., Bronner, F., Oreffo, R. O. C. (2011). Epigenetic aspects of chronic diseases. London, Springer. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/668190768 Clair, E. W., Pisetsky, D. S., Haynes, B. F. (2004). Rheumatoid arthritis. Hagerstown, Lippincott Williams Wilkins. https://www.worldcat.org/title/rheumatoid-arthritis/oclc/469367913#.WEGQqaN0-jg Vlodaver, Z., Wilson, R. F., Garry, D. J. (2012). Coronary heart disease: clinical, pathological, imaging, and molecular profiles. New York, Springer. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/744297229